Chronic ROS generation is implicated in the pathogenesis of many illnesses, including atherosclerosis and inflammation (Wiseman & Halliwell 1996, Ames et al. 1993)
Injury provokes the migration and accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages, which also produce ROS via their respiratory burst (Dean et al 1997)
Rocha et al. (2016).
- Laser generates ROS and this in turn activates the redox-sensitive NFkB signaling.
- NF-kappaB regulates immune and inflammatory responses in macrophages as well as production of inflammatory cytokines like TNF-alpha and NO through iNOS expression.
Some authors (Karu 1999, Chen et al 2009) have proposed that one of the possible mechanisms of action of LLLT is:
- Increase in production of ROS such as superoxide (O2−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2),
- Leads to restoration of the redox imbalance
- As a consequence of enhanced production of antioxidant enzymes.