References

Abrahamse H, Houreld N, Muller S, et al. 2010 Fluence and wavelength of low intensity laser irradiation affect activity and proliferation of human adipose derived stem cells: Medical Technology SA; 24(2):15–20.

Abramovitch-Gottlib, L. et al. 2005 Low level laser irradiation stimulates osteogenic phenotype of mesenchymal stem cells seeded on a three-dimensional biomatrix. Lasers Med Sci 20, 138–146

Aceituno-Gómez J, Avendaño-Coy J, Gómez-Soriano J, García-Madero VM, Ávila-Martín G, Serrano-Muñoz D, González-González J, Criado-Álvarez JJ. Efficacy of high-intensity laser therapy in subacromial impingement syndrome: a three-month follow-up controlled clinical trial. Clin Rehabil. 2019 May;33(5):894-903. doi: 10.1177/0269215518824691. Epub 2019 Jan 23. PMID: 30672303.

Abdelbasset et al (2020) A Randomized Comparative Study between High-Intensity and Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2020, Article ID 1350281

Alayat MS, Atya AM, Ali MM, Shosha TM 2014 Long-term effect of high-intensity laser therapy in the treatment of patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized blinded placebo-controlled trial. Lasers Med Sci. May; 29(3):1065-73

Alghadir A, Omar MT, Al-Askar AB, Al-Muteri NK. Effect of low-level laser therapy in patients with chronic knee osteoarthritis: a single-blinded randomized clinical study. Lasers Med Sci. 2014; 29 (2): 749-55.

Alves AC, de Carvalho PT, Parente M, Xavier M, Frigo L, Aimbire F, Leal Junior EC, Albertini R 2013 Low-level laser therapy in different stages of rheumatoid arthritis: a histological study. Lasers Med Sci.Feb; 28(2):529-36

Alves et al. (2014) Effects of low-level laser therapy on skeletal muscle repair: a systematic review. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. Dec;93(12):1073-85

Ames BN, Shigenaga MK, Hagen TM 1993 Oxidants, antioxidants, and the degenerative diseases of aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Sep 1; 90(17):7915-22

Assis L, Moretti AI, Abrahão TB, Cury V, Souza HP, Hamblin MR, Parizotto NA 2012 Low-level laser therapy (808 nm) reduces inflammatory response and oxidative stress in rat tibialis anterior muscle after cryolesion. Lasers Surg Med. Nov; 44(9):726-35

Avila R, et al. Histological effects of HeNe laser on chick embryo. Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of the International Society of Laser in Surgery and Medicine. Bangkok. 1993. p 164.

Bakhtiary AH, Rashidy-Pour A. Ultrasound and laser therapy in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. Aust J Physiother 2004;50: 147–51

Basford JR, Malanga GA, Krause DA, et al. A randomized controlled evaluation of low-intensity laser therapy: plantar fasciitis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1998;79:249–54.

Basso FG, Oliveira CF, Kurachi C, Hebling J, Costa CA 2013 Biostimulatory effect of low-level laser therapy on keratinocytes in vitro. Lasers Med Sci. Feb; 28(2):367-74

Barbosa D, et al., 2013 Effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on bone repair in rats: optical densitometry analysis, Lasers Med. Sci., 28 (2), 651 –656

Berry et al. (2020) A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Study Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Low-level Laser Device for Treating Lower Back Pain eMedical Research Volume 2 Article ID: 100005

Bier JD, Scholten-Peeters WGM, Staal JB, Pool J, van Tulder MW, Beekman E, Knoop J, Meerhoff G, Verhagen AP. Clinical Practice Guideline for Physical Therapy Assessment and Treatment in Patients With Nonspecific Neck Pain. Phys Ther. 2018 Mar 1;98(3):162-171. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzx118. PMID: 29228289.

Bjordal JM, Lopes-Martins RA, Joensen J, Couppe C, Ljunggren AE, Stergioulas A, Johnson MI. A systematic review with procedural assessments and meta-analysis of low level laser therapy in lateral elbow tendinopathy (tennis elbow). BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2008 May 29;9:75. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-9-75. PMID: 18510742; PMCID: PMC2442599.

Carrinho PM, Renno ACM, Koeke P, Salate ACB, Parizotto NA, Vidal BC. Comparative Study Using 685-nm and 830-nm Lasers in the Tissue Repair of Tenotomized Tendons in the Mouse. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery. December 2006, Volume 24, Number 6, pp. 754–758

Carrasco TG, Guerisoli LD, Guerisoli DM, Mazzetto MO 2009 Evaluation of low intensity laser therapy in myofascial pain syndrome. Cranio. Oct; 27(4):243-7

Chang WD, Wu JH, Jiang JA, et al. Carpal tunnel syndrome treated with a diode laser: a controlled treatment of the transverse carpal ligament. Photomed Laser Surg 2008;26:551–7

Chen AC-H, Huang Y-Y, Arany PR, Hamblin MR. 2009 Role of reactive oxygen species in low level light therapy. Proc SPIE

Chow R, Armati P. 2016 Photobiomodulation: Implications for Anesthesia and Pain Relief. Photomed Laser Surg.  Dec;34(12):599-609

Chow R, Armati P, Laakso EL, Bjordal JM, Baxter GD. 2011 Inhibitory effects of laser irradiation on peripheral mammalian nerves and relevance to analgesic effects: a systematic review. Photomed Laser Surg.  Jun;29(6):365-81

Chow R, Johnson MI, Lopes-Martins RA, Bjordal JM 2009 Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in the management of neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo or active-treatment controlled trials. Lancet. Dec 5; 374(9705):1897-908

Cinar E, Saxena S, Uygur F. Low-level laser therapy in the management of plantar fasciitis: a randomized controlled trial. Lasers Med Sci 2018;33:949–58

Corazza AV, Jorge J, Kurachi C, Bagnato 2007 VS. Photobiomodulation on the angiogenesis of skin wounds in rats using different light sources. Photomed. Laser Surg. 25:102–106

Côté P, Wong JJ, Sutton D et al. Management of neck pain and associated disorders: a clinical practice guideline from the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management (OPTIMa) Collaboration. Eur Spine J. 2016;25:2000–2022.

Cotler et al. 2016 The Use of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) For Musculoskeletal Pain MOJ Orthop Rheumatol; 2(5)

Cury, V., Moretti, A. I., Assis, L., Bossini, P., Crusca, J., Neto, C. B., … Parizotto, N. A. 2013 Low level laser therapy increases angiogenesis in a model of ischemic skin flap in rats mediated by VEGF, HIF-1α and MMP-2. Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology, 125, 164–170

Desmeules, F., Boudreault, J., Roy, J.S., Dionne, C., Frémont, P. and MacDermid, J.C., 2015. The efficacy of therapeutic ultrasound for rotator cuff tendinopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Physical Therapy in Sport16(3), pp.276-284.

Dean RT, Fu S, Stocker R, Davies MJ 1997 Biochemistry and pathology of radical-mediated protein oxidation. Biochem J. May 15; 324 ( Pt 1):1-18

De Marchi T, Schmitt VM, Machado GP, de Sene JS, de Col CD, Tairova O, Salvador M, Leal-Junior EC. Does photobiomodulation therapy is better than cryotherapy in muscle recovery after a high-intensity exercise? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci. 2017 Feb;32(2):429-437. doi: 10.1007/s10103-016-2139-9. Epub 2017 Jan 5. PMID: 28054262.

de Oliveira AR, Vanin AA, Tomazoni SS, Miranda EF, Albuquerque-Pontes GM, De Marchi T, Dos Santos Grandinetti V, de Paiva PRV, Imperatori TBG, de Carvalho PTC, Bjordal JM, Leal-Junior ECP. Pre-Exercise Infrared Photobiomodulation Therapy (810 nm) in Skeletal Muscle Performance and Postexercise Recovery in Humans: What Is the Optimal Power Output? Photomed Laser Surg. 2017 Nov;35(11):595-603. doi: 10.1089/pho.2017.4343. PMID: 29099680.

de Paiva PR, Tomazoni SS, Johnson DS, Vanin AA, Albuquerque-Pontes GM, Machado CD, Casalechi HL, de Carvalho PT, Leal-Junior EC. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and/or cryotherapy in skeletal muscle restitution, what is better? A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci. 2016 Dec;31(9):1925-1933. doi: 10.1007/s10103-016-2071-z. Epub 2016 Sep 13. PMID: 27624781.

Dincer U, Cakar E, Kiralp MZ, et al. The effectiveness of conservative treatments of carpal tunnel syndrome: splinting, ultrasound, and lowlevel laser therapies. Photomed Laser Surg 2009;27:119–25.

Ehrreich SJ, Furchgott RF. 1968 Relaxation of mammalian smooth muscles by visible and ultraviolet radiation. Nature; 218(5142):682–624

Elhafez HM, Elhafez SM. Axillary Ultrasound and Laser Combined With Postisometric Facilitation in Treatment of Shoulder Adhesive Capsulitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2016 Jun;39(5):330-338. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2016.04.001. Epub 2016 May 7. PMID: 27167367.

Elsodany AM, Alayat MSM, Ali MME, Khaprani HM. Long-Term Effect of Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser in the Treatment of Patients with Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Photomed Laser Surg. 2018 Sep;36(9):506-513. doi: 10.1089/pho.2018.4476. PMID: 30188253.

Evcik D, Kavuncu V, Cakir T, et al. Laser therapy in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Photomed Laser Surg 2007;25:34–9.

Fusakul Y, Aranyavalai T, Saensri P, et al. Low-level laser therapy with a wrist splint to treat carpal tunnel syndrome: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Lasers Med Sci 2014;29:1279–87

Falaki F, Nejat AH, Dalirsani Z. 2014 The Effect of Low-level Laser Therapy on Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Review of Literature. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects;8(1):1–5

FANGEL, Renan et al. Low level laser therapy for reducing pain in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Fisioter. mov. [online]. 2019, vol.32 [cited  2020-12-16], e003229. Available from: <http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-51502019000100303&lng=en&nrm=iso>.  Epub Sep 23, 2019. ISSN 1980-5918.  https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5918.032.ao29.

Ferraresi C, Hamblin MR, Parizotto NA 2012 Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) on muscle tissue: performance, fatigue and repair benefited by the power of light. Photonics Lasers Med. Nov 1; 1(4):267-286

Finsen N R. Biographical. www.Nobelprize.org Nobel Media AB 2014. Avavilable at: http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1903/finsen-bio.html (Last accessed Nov 20 2019)

Fukuda VO, Fukuda TY, Guimarães M, Shiwa S, Lima B del C, Martins RA, et al. Short-term efficacy of low-level laser therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Rev Bras Ortop. 2011; 46 (5): 526-33.

Funk J O, Kruse A, and Kirchner H. Cytokine production after HeNe laser irradiation in cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Photochem Photobio B. 1992. 16(3-4): 347-355

Fusakul Y, Aranyavalai T, Saensri P, Thiengwittayaporn S 2014 Low-level laser therapy with a wrist splint to treat carpal tunnel syndrome: a double-blinded randomized controlled  trial. Lasers Med Sci. May; 29(3):1279-87

Gebremariam L, Hay EM, van der Sande R, Rinkel WD, Koes BW, Huisstede BM. Subacromial impingement syndrome–effectiveness of physiotherapy and manual therapy. Br J Sports Med. 2014 Aug;48(16):1202-8. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091802. Epub 2013 Nov 11. PMID: 24217037.

Giovani et al. 2015 Effect of low-level laser therapy on mesenchymal stem cell proliferation: a systematic review  Lasers in Medical Science November 2015, Volume 30, Issue 8, pp 2189–2194 

Glazov G, Yelland M, Emery J. Low-Level Laser Therapy for Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Acupuncture in Medicine. 2016;34(5):328-341.

Graham N, Gross AR, Carlesso LC et al. An ICON overview on physical modalities for neck pain and associated disorders. Open Orthop J. 2013;7:440–460.

Gross AR, Dziengo S, Boers O et al. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) for neck pain: a systematic review and meta-regression. Open Orthop J. 2013;7:396–419.

Guo H, Luo Q, Zhang J, Lin H, Xia L, He C 2011 Comparing different physical factors on serum TNF-α levels, chondrocyte apoptosis, caspase-3 and caspase-8 expression in osteoarthritis of the knee in rabbits. Joint Bone Spine. Dec; 78(6):604-10.

Gupta A, Keshri GK, Yadav A, Gola S, Chauhan S, Salhan AK, Bala Singh S Superpulsed 2015 (Ga-As, 904 nm) low-level laser therapy (LLLT) attenuates inflammatory response and enhances healing of burn wounds. J Biophotonics. Jun; 8(6):489-501.

Gworys K, Gasztych J, Puzder A, Gworys P, Kujawa J. Influence of various laser therapy methods on knee joint pain and function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil. 2011; 14 (3): 269-77.

Hagiwara, H. Iwasaka, A. Hasegawa, and T. Noguchi, “Pre-irradiation of blood by gallium aluminum arsenide (830 nm) low-level laser enhances peripheral endogenous opioid analgesia in rats,” Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol. 107, no. 3, pp. 1058–1063, 2008.

Hamblin MR 2013 Can osteoarthritis be treated with light? Arthritis Res Ther. Oct 29; 15(5):120.

Haslerud S, Magnussen LH, Joensen J, Lopes-Martins RA, Bjordal JM. The efficacy of low-level laser therapy for shoulder tendinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Physiother Res Int. 2015 Jun;20(2):108-25. doi: 10.1002/pri.1606. Epub 2014 Dec 2. PMID: 25450903.

Hawkins D, Abrahamse H. 2005 Biological effects of helium-neon laser irradiation on normal and wounded human skin fibroblasts. Photomed Laser Surg; 23(3):251–9.

Hegedus B, Viharos L, Gervain M, Gálfi M. The effect of low-level laser in knee osteoarthritis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Photomed Laser Surg. 2009; 27 (4): 577-84.

Hinman RS, McCrory P, Pirotta M, Relf I, Forbes A, Crossley KM, et al. Acupuncture for chronic knee pain: a randomized clinical trial. Jama. 2014; 312 (13): 1313-22.

Honmura A, Ishii A, Yanase M, et al. Analgesic effect of Ga–Al–As diode laser irradiation on hyperalgesia in carrageenin-induced inflammation. Lasers Surg Med 1993;13:463–9

Huang YY, Sharma SK, Carroll J, Hamblin MR 2011 Biphasic dose response in low level light therapy – an update. Dose Response.; 9(4):602-18

Huang et al. 2015 Effectiveness of low-level laser therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis Osteoarthritis Cartilage Sep;23(9):1437-1444

Huang, Z., Ma, J., Chen, J. et al. The effectiveness of low-level laser therapy for nonspecific chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Res Ther 17, 360 (2015). 

Ip, D. Does addition of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in conservative care of knee arthritis successfully postpone the need for joint replacement?. Lasers Med Sci 30, 2335–2339 (2015).

Jain TK, Sharma NK 2014 The effectiveness of physiotherapeutic interventions in treatment of frozen shoulder/adhesive capsulitis: a systematic review. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil.; 27(3):247-73.

Jarvis D, MacIver MB, Tanelian DL. Electrophysiologic recording and thermodynamic modeling demonstrate that helium-neon laser irradiation does not affect peripheral Adelta- or C-fiber nociceptors. Pain 1990;43:235–42.

Jastifer JR, Catena F, Doty JF, Stevens F, Coughlin MJ 2014 Low-Level Laser Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Plantar Fasciitis: A Prospective Study. Foot Ankle Int. Jun; 35(6):566-571.

Karu T 1999 Primary and secondary mechanisms of action of visible to near-IR radiation on cells. Photochem Photobiol B. Mar; 49(1):1-17.

Karu, T 2003 Low power laser therapy. In Biomedical Photonics Handbook. ( Tuan, V.‐D., ed.).Chapter 48, pp. 48‐1–48‐25, CRC Press, Boca Raton.

Karu, T 2010 Multiple roles of cytochrome c oxidase in mammalian cells under action of red and IR‐A radiation, IBUMB Life Volume62, Issue8 Pages 607-610

Kedzierski T, Stanczak K, Gworys K, Gasztych J, Sibinski M, Kujawa J. Comparative evaluation of the direct analgesic efficacy of selected physiotherapeutic methods in subjects with knee joint degenerative disease-preliminary report. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil. 2011; 14 (6): 537-44.2

Kenareh et al. (2021) The Comparison of The Efficacy of Photobiomodulation and Ultrasound in the Treatment of Chronic Non-specific Neck Pain: A Randomized Single-Blind Controlled Trial J Lasers Med Sci 2021;12:e20

Kelle B, Kozanoglu E. Low-level laser and local corticosteroid injection in the treatment of subacromial impingement syndrome: a controlled clinical trial. Clin Rehabil. 2014 Aug;28(8):762-771. doi: 10.1177/0269215514520772. Epub 2014 Feb 11. PMID: 24519921.

Kheshie AR, Alayat MS, Ali MM 2014 High-intensity versus low-level laser therapy in the treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Lasers Med Sci. Jul; 29(4):1371-6.

Kholoosy, D. Elyaspour, M. R. Akhgari, Z. Razzaghi, Z. Khodamardi, and M. Bayat, “Evaluation of the therapeutic effect of low level laser in controlling low back pain: a randomized controlled trial,” Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 120–125, 2020.

Kiritsi O, Tsitas K, Malliaropoulos N, et al. Ultrasonographic evaluation of plantar fasciitis after low-level laser therapy: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Lasers Med Sci 2010;25:275–81.

Koldaş Doğan Ş, Ay S, Evcik D.J 2017 The effects of two different low level laser therapies in the treatment of patients with chronic low back pain: A double-blinded randomized clinical trial. Back Musculoskelet Rehabil.; 30(2):235-240.

Konstantinovic LM, Cutovic MR, Milovanovic AN, Jovic SJ, Dragin AS, Letic MDj, Miler VM 2010 Low-level laser therapy for acute neck pain with radiculopathy: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized study.Pain Med. Aug; 11(8):1169-78

Kushibiki et al. 2010, Chondrogenic mRNA expression in prechondrogenic cells after blue laser irradiation, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 98 (3), 211 –215

Lana H. Gimber, David M. Melville, Darin A. Bocian, Elizabeth A. Krupinski, Matthew P. Del Guidice, and Mihra S. Taljanovic Ultrasound Evaluation of Morton Neuroma Before and After Laser TherapyAmerican Journal of Roentgenology2017208:2, 380-385

Leal-Junior EC, Vanin AA, Miranda EF, de Carvalho Pde T, Dal Corso S, Bjordal JM. Effect of phototherapy (low-level laser therapy and light-emitting diode therapy) on exercise performance and markers of exercise recovery: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci. 2015 Feb;30(2):925-39. doi: 10.1007/s10103-013-1465-4. Epub 2013 Nov 19. PMID: 24249354.

Lee G, Wong E, Mason DT. New concepts in pain management and in the application of low-power laser for relief of cervicothoracic pain syndromes. Am Heart J 1996;132:1329–34.

Li, Z. J., Wang, Y., Zhang, H. F., Ma, X. L., Tian, P., & Huang, Y. (2016). Effectiveness of low-level laser on carpal tunnel syndrome: A meta-analysis of previously reported randomized trials. Medicine95(31), e4424. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000004424

Li, W. T., Leu, Y. C. & Wu, J. L. 2010 Red-light light-emitting diode irradiation increases the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Photomed Laser Surg 28 Suppl 1, S157–S165.

Lin,  Huang, Chai, 2006 Effects of helium-neon laser on the mucopolysaccharide induction in experimental osteoarthritic cartilage, Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 14 (4), 377 –383

Lopes-Martins RA 2014 Tendinitis, an open avenue for low-level laser therapy. Photomed Laser Surg. Jul; 32(7):369-70.

Lopes-Martins RA 2014 Tendinitis, an open avenue for low-level laser therapy. Photomed Laser Surg. Jul; 32(7):369-70.

Ma et al. 2018 Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Proliferation and Collagen Synthesis of Human Fibroblasts in Vitro Journal of Wound Management and Research; 14(1): 1-6.

Mamais I, Papadopoulos K, Lamnisos D, Stasinopoulos D. Effectiveness of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in the treatment of Lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET): an umbrella review. Laser Ther. 2018 Sep 30;27(3):174-186. doi: 10.5978/islsm.27_18-OR-16. PMID: 32158063; PMCID: PMC7034252.

Marcos RL, Arnold G, Magnenet V, Rahouadj R, Magdalou J, Lopes-Martins RÁ 2014 Biomechanical and biochemical protective effect of low-level laser therapy for Achilles tendinitis. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. Jan; 29:272-85.

Martimbianco ALC, Ferreira RES, Latorraca COC, Bussadori SK, Pacheco RL, Riera R. Photobiomodulation with low-level laser therapy for treating Achilles tendinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil. 2020 Jun;34(6):713-722. doi: 10.1177/0269215520912820. Epub 2020 Mar 23. PMID: 32204620.

Mester E, Szende B, Gartner P. 1968 The effect of laser beams on the growth of hair in mice. Radiobiol Radiother (Berl);9:621–626

Moore P, Ridgway TD, Higbee RG, Howard EW, 2005 Lucroy MD Effect of wavelength on low-intensity laser irradiation-stimulated cell proliferation in vitro. Lasers Surg Med. Jan; 36(1):8-12.

Nakamura T, Ebihara S, Ohkuni I, Izukura H, Harada T, Ushigome N, et al. Low Level Laser Therapy for chronic knee joint pain patients. Laser Ther. 2014; 23 (4): 273-7.

Nambi G, Kamal W, George J, Manssor, E. Radiological and biochemical effects (CTX-II, MMP-3, 8, and 13) of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in chronic osteoarthritis in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia. Lasers Med Sci. 2017; 32 (2): 297-303.

Naeser MA, Hahn KA, Lieberman BE, et al. Carpal tunnel syndrome pain treated with low-level laser and microamperes transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation: a controlled study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002;83:978–88.

Naterstad IF, Rossi RP, Marcos RL, Parizzoto NA, Frigo L, Joensen J, Lopes Martins PSL, Bjordal JM, Lopes-Martins RAB. Comparison of Photobiomodulation and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Tissue Repair on Collagenase-Induced Achilles Tendon Inflammation in Rats. Photomed Laser Surg. 2018 Mar;36(3):137-145. doi: 10.1089/pho.2017.4364. Epub 2017 Dec 21. PMID: 29265910.

Nazari A, Moezy A, Nejati P, Mazaherinezhad A. Efficacy of high-intensity laser therapy in comparison with conventional physiotherapy and exercise therapy on pain and function of patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial with 12-week follow up. Lasers Med Sci. 2019; 34 (3): 505-16.

Nesioonpour S, Mokmeli S, Vojdani S, Mohtadi A, Akhondzadeh R, Behaeen K, Moosavi S, Hojjati S 2014 The effect of low-level laser on postoperative pain after tibial fracture surgery: a double-blind controlled randomized clinical trial. Anesth Pain Med. Aug; 4(3)

Olavi A, Pekka R, Pertti K, Pekka P 1989 Effects of the infrared laser therapy at treated and non-treated trigger points. Acupunct Electrother Res.; 14(1):9-14.

Page MJ, Green S, Kramer S, Johnston RV, McBain B, Buchbinder R. Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Oct 1;(10):CD011324. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011324. PMID: 25271097.

Padua L, Padua R, Aprile I, et al. Noninvasive laser neurolysis in carpal tunnel syndrome. Muscle Nerve 1998;21:1232–3.

Passarella S. He-Ne laser irradiation of isolated mitochondria. J Photochem Photobiol B 1989;3:642–3.

Peng, F., Wu, H., Zheng, Y., Xu, X. & Yu, J. 2012 The effect of noncoherent red light irradiation on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Lasers Med Sci 27, 645–653.

Pereira AN, Eduardo Cde P, Matson E, et al. 2002 Effect of low-power laser irradiation on cell growth and procollagen synthesis of cultured fibroblasts. Lasers Surg Med; 31(4):263–7

Podalskaya E et al. Radiation damage of lips and its treatment by low—intensity laser irradiation. Proc SPIE. 1995. 1984: 245-246.

Rayegani SM, Bahrami MH, Eliaspour D, et al. The effects of low intensity laser on clinical and electrophysiological parameters of carpal tunnel syndrome. J Lasers Med Sci 2013;4:182–9.

Ramon et al. (2018) Photobiomodulation in the Treatment of Muscle Injury: A Systematic Review, Critical Review in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Volume 30, Issue 1, 1-4

Rayegani SM, Bahrami MH, Elyaspour D, Saeidi M, Sanjari H. Therapeutic effects of low level laser therapy (LLLT) in knee osteoarthritis, compared to therapeutic ultrasound. J Lasers Med Sci. 2012; 3 (2): 71-4.

Rocha et al. (2016) Low-Level Laser Therapy (904nm) Can Increase Collagen and Reduce Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in Diabetic Wounded Mouse Skin J Photochem Photobiol B. Nov; 164: 96–102

Rochkind S, Vogler I, Barr-Nea L. Spinal cord response to laser treatment of injured peripheral nerve. Spine (Phila, PA 1976) 1990;15:6–10.

Rosso, M.P.O.; Buchaim, D.V.; Kawano, N.; Furlanette, G.; Pomini, K.T.; Buchaim, R.L. 2018 Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: A Systematic Review. Bioengineering, 5, 44

Schawlow AL. C. H. 1958 Townes infrared and optical masers physical review. Phys Rev X 1958;112:1940–1949

Shooshtari SM, Badiee V, Taghizadeh SH, et al. The effects of low level laser in clinical outcome and neurophysiological results of carpal tunnel syndrome. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 2008;48:229–31.

Shum, L. C., White, N. S., Mills, B. N., de Mesy Bentley, K. L. & Eliseev, R. A. 2016 Energy Metabolism in Mesenchymal Stem Cells During Osteogenic Differentiation. Stem Cells Dev 25, 114–122

Simunovic Z. Curing stomatological and maxillo-facial diseases with MID laser therapy. 1984. QLT: 1.

Simunovic Z, Trobonjaca T, Trobonjaca Z 1998 Treatment of medial and lateral epicondylitis–tennis and golfer’s elbow–with low level laser therapy: a multicenter double blind, placebo-controlled clinical study on 324 patients. J Clin Laser Med Surg. Jun; 16(3):145-51.

Soldo I et al. Effects of GaAs laser combined with radiotherapy on murine sarcoma depends on tumor size. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine. 1989. Suppl 1:40.

Soleimanpour H, Gahramani K, Taheri R, Golzari SE, Safari S, Esfanjani RM, et al. The effect of low-level laser therapy on knee osteoarthritis: prospective, descriptive study. Lasers Med Sci. 2014; 29 (5): 1695-700.

Stergioulas A 2004 Low-level laser treatment can reduce edema in second degree ankle sprains. J Clin Laser Med Surg. Apr; 22(2):125-8.

Štiglić-Rogoznica N, Stamenković D, Frlan-Vrgoc L, Avancini-Dobrović V, Vrbanić TS. Analgesic effect of high intensity laser therapy in knee osteoarthritis. Coll Antropol. 2011; 35 (2): 183-5.

Szymanska J, Goralczyk K, Klawe JJ, Lukowicz M, Michalska M, Goralczyk B, Zalewski P, Newton JL, Gryko L, Zajac A, Rosc D 2013 Phototherapy with low-level laser influences the proliferation of endothelial cells and vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta secretion. J Physiol Pharmacol. Jun; 64(3):387-91.

Tada K, Ikeda K, Tomita K. 2009 Effect of polarized light emitting diode irradiation on wound healing. J Trauma; 67(5):1073–9

Tamachi Y. Enhancement of anti-tumor chemotherapy effect by low level laser irradiation. Tokyo Medical College Newsletter. 1991. pp 888-893

Tascioglu F, Degirmenci NA, Ozkan S, et al. Low-level laser in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome: clinical, electrophysiological, and ultrasonographical evaluation. Rheumatol Int 2012;32:409–15.

Thomson, et al. Non-surgical treatments for Morton’s neuroma: A systematic review, Foot and Ankle Surgery, Volume 26, Issue 7, 2020, Pages 736-743,

Tuby H, Maltz L, Oron U. 2009 Implantation of low-level laser irradiated mesenchymal stem cells into the infarcted rat heart is associated with reduction in infarct size and enhanced angiogenesis. Photomed. Laser Surg. 27:227–233

Ulusoy A, Cerrahoglu L, Orguc S. Magnetic resonance imaging and clinical outcomes of laser therapy, ultrasound therapy, and extracorporeal shock wave therapy for treatment of plantar fasciitis: a randomized controlled trial. J Foot Ankle Surg 2017;56:762–7.

Vallone F, Benedicenti S, Sorrenti E, Schiavetti I, Angiero F.Photomed Laser Surg. 2014 Effect of diode laser in the treatment of patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Sep; 32(9):490-4.

Wang Y et al., 2016 Photobiomodulation (blue and green light) encourages osteoblastic-differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells: role of intracellular calcium and light-gated ion channels, Sci. Rep., 6 33719

Wang, Y et al., (2017) Photobiomodulation of human adipose-derived stem cells using 810nm and 980nm lasers operates via different mechanisms of action, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1861 (2), 441 –449

Weintraub MI. Noninvasive laser neurolysis in carpal tunnel syndrome. Muscle Nerve 1997;20:1029–31.

Wiseman H, Halliwell B 1996 Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: role in inflammatory disease and progression to cancer. Biochem J. Jan 1; 313 ( Pt 1):17-29

Yagci I, Elmas O, Akcan E, et al. Comparison of splinting and splinting plus low-level laser therapy in idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome. Clin Rheumatol 2009;28:1059–65.

Yurtkuran M, Alp A, Konur S, Özçakir S, Bingol U. Laser acupuncture in knee osteoarthritis: a double-blind, randomized controlled study. Photomed Laser Surg. 2007; 25 (1): 14-20.

Zhao L, Shen X, Cheng K, Deng H, Ding G, Tan M, et al. Validating a nonacupoint sham control for laser treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Photomed Laser Surg. 2010; 28 (3): 351-6.